How to Survive a Tsunami - TsunamiZone

How to Survive a Tsunami - TsunamiZone

Top Tips

To escape a tsunami, go as high and as far as you can – ideally to a spot 100 feet above sea level or 2 miles away.

Every foot inland or upward may make a difference!

If you can see the wave, you are too close for safety.

Know the difference!

A Tsunami WARNING means a tsunami may have been generated and could be close to your area.

A Tsunami WATCH means a tsunami has not yet been verified but could exist and may be as little as an hour away.

How to Prepare for a Tsunami

Protecting your family

Talk about tsunamis with your family so that everyone knows what to do in a tsunami situation. Discussing ahead of time helps reduce fear, particularly for younger children.

Check at your workplace and your children's schools and day care centers to learn if they are in a tsunami hazard area or inundation zone. Learn about their evacuation plans, especially the designated spot where you will pick up your children.

Plan evacuation routes from your home, school, workplace and other places you could be where tsunamis present a risk.

- If possible try to pick areas 100 feet above sea level or 2 miles inland.

- If you cannot get that high or far, go as high or far as you can. Every foot inland or upward may make a difference. You should be able to reach the highest ground possible on foot within 15 minutes.

Practice your evacuation routes. Familiarity may save your life. Be able to follow your escape route at night and during inclement weather.

Talk to your insurance agent. Homeowners' policies do not cover flooding from a tsunami. Ask about the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) (www.fema.gov/nfip). NFIP covers tsunami damage, but your community must participate in the program.

Make sure you have access to NOAA radio broadcasts:

- Find an online NOAA radio station

- Search for a NOAA radio app in the Apple Store >> or Google Play>>

- Purchase a battery-powered or hand-crank NOAA radio in the Red Cross Store

Protecting your pets & animals

• Prepare a pet emergency kit for your companion animals.

• Ensure that any outbuildings, pastures, or corrals are protected in the same way as your home. Fence lines should enable your animals to move to higher ground in the event of a tsunami.

Protecting your home

• Avoid building or living in buildings within several hundred feet of the coastline. These areas are more likely to experience damage from tsunamis, strong winds, or coastal storms. For more information, check out the Institute for Business and Home Safety at https://disastersafety.org.

• If you do live in a coastal area, elevate your home to help reduce damage. Most tsunami waves are less than 10 feet (3 meters).

• Take precautions to prevent flooding.

• Have an engineer check your home and advise about ways to make it more resistant to tsunami water. There may be ways to divert waves away from your property. Improperly built walls could make your situation worse.

• Make a list of items to bring inside in the event of a tsunami watch or warning being issued for your area. But remember, you may need to evacuate immediately – don’t risk your safety to save your belongings.

How to Survive a Tsunami: Emergency Checklist You Need to Follow

Tsunamis, alongside other natural disasters like tornadoes, earthquakes, fires and floods, have been happening for a long time. The word “tsunami”, which is Japanese for ‘big wave “, can be defined as a series of huge powerful waves that are caused by underwater disturbances. Most of the time, earthquakes occurring on the sea floor have been the most common causes of tsunamis, but there are lots of things that could cause one to happen. As dangerous and destructive as they may be you can learn how to survive a tsunami.

Like many other natural occurrences, you can neither stop a tsunami from happening nor predict when it is going to hit. The best way to protect ourselves is to know what to do in the event of a tsunami. But first let us look at just what causes these tsunamis to occur.

Causes of tsunamis

Over the years, people have come up with lots of reasons as to why tsunamis and other natural disasters happen. Some say that it is the wrath of God for our sinful ways; others say that Mother Nature is getting back at us for destroying our natural resources and so on. The list is endless.

However what many people don’t know is that for a tsunami to occur, there is a chain of events that triggers the formation of these huge destructive waves we call tsunamis.

Underwater earthquakes

Over 85% tsunamis that have occurred over the years can be attributed to deep sea earthquakes. But the real cause lies in the origin of the earthquake. The surface of whole world is covered with tectonic plates which are constantly moving, some more than others.

The plates hold together at specific boundaries, and the type of boundary is determined by how one tectonic plate moves relative to the other: transform, where the two plates slide horizontally past each other; spreading, when the two tectonic plates are moving away from each other; subduction, when they are moving towards each other.

Since earthquakes can happen at any time, in any given place on Earth, you should check out our advice on how to prepare for an earthquake.

Volcanic activity

Volcanic eruptions also cause tsunamis. Like subduction zones, eruptions also release a lot of built up tension. That is why most volcanoes literally blow up during an eruption. Only underwater volcanoes or those that are very close to large water bodies can lead to tsunamis.

Normally, a volcanic eruption is usually preceded by a series of small earthquakes caused by the tension within the volcano. Or if the eruption is violent to the point that the volcano collapses into the adjoining sea, it will cause a large displacement of the water which will be transmitted into wave action that could lead to a tsunami.

Violent underwater volcanic eruptions could lead to tsunamis. Earthquakes and volcanic activity usually go hand in hand because of the instability of the area. Apart from the high seismic activity in the area, the Ring of Fire is also famous for having the highest number of highly active volcanoes within close proximity of each other. The islands of Hawaii have survived several tsunamis that were the result of volcanic eruptions.

These are the main causes of tsunamis in the world; however, a tsunami can also be caused by a host of other natural phenomenon’s key among them landslides and extraterrestrial collisions such as meteors and other such objects falling to earth.

How to survive a tsunami

Surviving a tsunami is no easy task; fortunately there are some easy steps that you can take to avoid the destructive force of tsunami waves. To survive a tsunami you will need to follow the following tips.

Be prepared

Tsunami prone areas are usually near a coast or a large water body mostly an ocean. The first survival tip that can save your life is adequate preparation. One of the ways to be prepared is by knowing whether your area of residence is a tsunami hotspot, if it is, there are some survival essential you will need to pack. If you reside in a tsunami prone area, it is important to have a first-aid kit on the ready, climate appropriate attire, stocked food and water. The emergency kit should be light to allow you to scamper off in case of a tsunami emergency, so if you want to go over the check list of things that must be in your kit, here is the best resource for it.

Your local authorities will most probably have tsunami warning signs. It is important to heed tsunami warnings, as the saying goes, better safe than sorry.

Go to higher ground

Tsunami prone areas are usually low lying areas. This means that if you detect a tsunami, the best thing to do is to go to higher ground. The following activities precede a tsunami

• Underfoot shakes and tremors
• Water recession
• Loud roars

If you detect any of these activities, you should find higher ground as soon as possible. A light emergency pack is less cumbersome when moving. The faster you can get to higher ground the better. Thus a light weight emergency pack is crucial. The ideal distance is either 2 miles inland or 100 ft above sea level, which is the equivalent of 3,200 M and 30M respectively.

Stay up for a while

As mentioned earlier, a tsunami is a series of waves. This means that a tsunami is not made up of only one wave. A tsunami will come in the form of a series of waves hitting dry land at different time intervals. Normally, a tsunami can last up to two or three days. To ensure that you are completely safe, you should stay on higher ground for two to four days just to be sure.

Be cautious

In recent times, tsunami detection systems have suffered greatly from vandalism activities especially in developing countries. This has led to poor detection and warning system that guarantee little protection against the onslaught of a tsunami. Thus it is important for you to be cautious when making the decision to go back to your home.

Listen to all alerts and all clear messages being sent. Do not go back down immediately after these announcements as in some cases people have died as a result of inaccurate tsunami all clear messages. You should also put together an accurate emergency communications plan and you should discuss it with friends and family. We have a great resource that can be of help during the preparation phase.

Know the area

This is essentially for tourists and visitors who are fond of tsunami prone destinations such as the American coastal town of New Orleans. Before making the decision to travel to such destinations it is important to know which areas is more tsunami prone. Areas of low sea level are more susceptible to tsunamis. Thus when travelling to these areas try and stay clear off low sea level regions.

The FEMA website is an essential source of information on everything flood and tsunami related. Before taking a tour of any coastal region, it is important to find out whether it has a history of tsunami. This website will have information pertaining to tsunami prone areas such as Chile, Western United States, Japan, and Philippines. Try and stay clear of these areas especially during wet seasons.

Move after the earthquake if any

One of the main causes of tsunamis is earthquakes. As such an earthquake that lasts for more than 20 minutes is a prelude to a tsunami. It is not possible to survive a tsunami if you do not survive the earthquake. Thus when the earthquake strikes drop, cover and hold on. After the earthquake stops you should immediately start planning for the evacuation of you and your family members. When doing so avoid power lines, bridges and buildings due to the dangers of falling debris.

Have an evacuation plan

A comprehensive evacuation plan should be prepared in advance. This plan will assist you and your family evacuate fast before a tsunami hits. It is important to involve local authorities and community members in the plan.

A good evacuation plan needs to have several things, key among them.

• A number of evacuation options that will ensure your family is reunited after a tsunami. This may be a common area where all the family members should escape to
• Drills should be conducted. The purpose of the drills is to acquit everyone with the essential of the evacuation plan i.e. what to be done in case of a tsunami and where to escape to.
• An evacuation plan should accommodate a head count of everyone and also ensure assistance to the disabled, ill and the elderly.
• All those involved in the plan should be familiar with all tsunami warning signs
• The evacuation plan should have alternative escape routes should roads be destroyed by a preceding earthquake.
• Consider whether there are evacuation shelters, and if not whether and where they can be built.

A good evacuation and emergency plan should also incorporate the aftermath of the tsunami. The aftermath can be horrifying, thus it is important to be prepared. You can learn more about making a plan in such a situation in our article on what to do in a tsunami.

Save lives not belongings

When a tsunami hits, the best thing to do is to evacuate your residence immediately. Remember the purpose of the evacuation is to save you and your family’s lives. Therefore, do not trouble yourself with any possessions as this may slow your escape. The only possession you should carry is a safety pack, and warm clothing.

The evacuation

When you hear a tsunami sign or warning grab your emergency kit and drive inland as fast as you can. Your family should be with you obviously. To ensure the evacuation runs smoothly especially if you have children, take the following steps.

• Whenever you hear the tsunami warning, be prepared to live and make sure your family members are all prepared to leave with you.
• Give clear and simple instructions to your family members that will be easy to remember. This is particularly if you have children who may not understand what is going on.
• Select a common area for you and your family members to reunite should you be separated in the evacuation.
• Teach all your family members especially children how to listen and detect tsunami warning signs
• If you truly believe that a tsunami is coming before the alerts are sent evacuate immediately, it is better to be wrong than to be dead
• Listen to instructions and advice from local authorities on how to survive a tsunami. Your local authorities will send out instructions on radio and other media platform, so keep a look out for such instructions.
• If you live in a coastal area, make sure that you and your family members are good swimmers. The two main causes of death are drowning and being crushed by falling debris. To avoid drowning ensure that you know how to swim.

React quickly

Sometimes it may be impossible to avoid a tsunami. Should this happen and you find yourself trapped in the water, look for something that can float and hold on to it. Floating objects such as doors, tree trucks, fishing equipment’s among others can save your life. When the rescue time comes you will be easier to spot.

How to create a post tsunami rehabilitation plan

A rehabilitation plan is one that will help you and your family adjust to life after the tsunami has hit. Survival does not end with the tsunami. Most probably essentials such as water, food and even electricity will be tough to come by. Therefore it is important to prepare a rehabilitation plan in advance.

This plan, you can prepare as a family or as a community. However, it is recommended that you consult your local authorities on the establishment of such a plan. For the plan to be effective it needs to have the following.

• Have a stash of fresh water, it may be bottled or filtered water. As a family or as a community it is important you have water reserves stored away for tsunami emergency purposes
• Using undamaged shelters and structures. As a community the key to surviving a tsunami aftermath is working together.
• Having a generator or any other secondary source of electricity/energy is welcome. This may be difficult especially since generators are cumbersome. However, there are portable models out there and even models that work on solar power. Check our portable generator article and our solar portable generators reviews.
• As a community your plan should have a shelter and food distribution mechanism for all those affected.
• The plan should also factor in gas raptures and fires caused by broken gas pipes.

Therefore, with the above tips you are able to know what to expect in case a tsunami hits and still be in a position to help your loved ones and others to survive and overcome any challenges brought by it.

The ABCs of Survival

Adapt or Perish – Adjust to new conditions.
Breathe – Don’t get overwhelmed.
Cover and Concealment – Know the difference.
Decisive – Don’t second guess yourself.
Escape and Evasion – An essential skill.
Fire – Become it’s master.
Gear – Have it but don’t rely on it.
Help Others – Work together, survive together.
Improvise – The possibilities are endless.
Journal – Good for sanity.
Knife – The ultimate survival tool.
Learn Basic Skills – Skills trump gear.
Morale – Always look on the bright side.
Network – Survival is a group effort.
Opportunity – Keep an eye out for it.
Prepare – Are you ready?
Question Assumptions – Think for yourself.
Rest – Don’t burn yourself out.
Size up the Situation – What’s going on?
Team – Strength in numbers.
Uplift Spirits – Have hope.
Vanquish Fear and Panic – Think clearly.
Water – We take it for granted.
X Marks the Spot – Have maps.
YOU – You are responsible for YOUR life.
ZEAL – Fight for your survival!

30 Beginner Survival Tips Every Prepper Should Know

Everyday new people are “waking up” and realizing just how fragile our civilization is. Perhaps you are one of them. There’s no need to panic. Yes, a disaster could occur at any moment, but in all likelihood there is still time to prepare. If you try to do it all at once, you’re liable to get overwhelmed and give up. Instead, spend a little time working on your survival plans everyday. The time will add up fast. Here are 30 survival tips to get you started.

1. Get out of debt. A financial crisis is one of the most likely disasters we face in the coming years. If the economy enters a deflationary downward spiral like it did during the Great Depression, having a lot of debt will put you in a terrible position. We may also have hyperinflation, and some preppers are taking on massive debt with the assumption that their debt will be wiped out, but please don’t do this. There’s no way of knowing for sure what will happen, and it’s not worth the risk.

2. Build an emergency fund. Before you get out of debt, save $1000. Once you are out of debt, save at least another 3 months worth of income. I know this is easier said than done. Doing this could take years, but there’s no reason not to get started right away. To help you out, here’s how you can lower your monthly bills.

3. Get a bug out bag. I know this site is all about surviving in the city, but there are certain disasters that could force you to relocate. Just in case that happens, you should make a bug out bag.

4. Store some water. No one can go more than 3 days without water so this should be a top priority. If you haven’t started storing water, take a look at this article.

5. Learn to garden. There’s always a chance the next disaster could last longer than your food cache. In this case, gardening could be a very valuable skill. Even if you don’t have enough space to grow a lot of food, you can still trade this skill with people who can help you in other ways. Check out the hacks for new gardeners.

6. Gather important documents. I’m talking about birth certificates, the deed to your house, your driver’s license, your marriage license, insurance policies, passports, social security cards, vehicle titles, and any other important documents. Make copies, put them in water-proof freezer bags, and keep them with your emergency supplies. Better yet, make a grab-and-go binder.

7. Learn first aid. A first aid kit won’t do you much good if you don’t know how to use it. Try taking a class. They don’t cost much, and it could mean the difference between life and death.

8. Create a survival library. You probably won’t be able to learn everything you need to know before the next disaster strikes. And if the power is out or the Internet is down, you won’t be able to Google whatever you need to know, so buy some books or print important articles and put them in a three-ring binder.

9. Research your area. Figure out what is most likely to happen based on where you live. For example, I live on the gulf coast so hurricanes are a major concern. What sort of natural disasters might happen where you live? Are there any train tracks where dangerous chemicals are transported? Is there a prison nearby from which inmates could escape? Prepare accordingly.

10. Plan your evacuation route. If you have no choice but to evacuate, you need to know exactly where to meet your loved ones and which way you’re going to take out of town. Get several maps and mark the routes that are least likely to be crowded. You should also plan a way to get home during a disaster.

11. Refill your gas tank when it’s half empty. Yes, you’ll have to stop at the gas station more frequently, but if that bothers you, just think about how much you’ll regret it if the gas stations are tapped and you’re running on empty.

12. Conduct disaster drills. Also known as a survival stress test. The more you do this, the less likely you and your loved ones are to panic when there’s a real disaster. Try to make it fun. Imagine a different type of disaster each time. You’ll fare much better if everyone knows exactly what to do.

13. Add to your food cache every week. Every time you go grocery shopping, grab some extras. Just make sure they’re things that will store well and that you will eat, disaster or no. If you do this weekly your food supplies will add up fast. Just don’t make these food storage mistakes.

14. Visit your neighbors. You don’t have to become best buddies with them, but there is a huge psychological difference between acquaintance and total stranger. If you’ve visited with your neighbors at least a few times, they’re far more likely to help you and far less likely to attack you.

15. Buy used supplies. It’s amazing the kind of deals you can find if you just look. I’m not just talking about flea markets. You can find some great stuff on Craigslist. If you’re on Facebook, try joining some local yard sale groups. My wife has found a lot of good deals that way.

16. Don’t tell people about your plans. Anyone who knows about your survival supplies will think of you first when the SHTF. They might leave you alone at first, but if they get hungry enough they will turn into animals. Here’s what to do if they find out anyway.

17. Start exercising. You don’t need to be able to run a marathon, but you need to at least be able to walk long distances and carry heavy objects around without getting totally wiped out. Here are some basic tips for getting in shape.

18. Learn to purify water. There are several ways to do this, and I encourage you to practice lots of them so you won’t have to refer to books when the time comes.

19. Put a 72-hour kit in your car. If you’re at work 40 hours a week, there’s a 24% chance the next major disaster will happen while you’re there. It’s even higher if you count time spent on the road or time you spend out during the evenings and weekends. Put together a bug out bagASAP.

20. Store some powerless entertainment. Even if you do all your reading on a Kindle or tablet, gather some paperbacks. You can get them for pennies nowadays. Also get some cards, crossword puzzles, games that don’t require batteries, Sudoku books, etc. This might not seem important now, but during TEOTWAWKI, it will be critical for everyone’s sanity.

21. Get ready for cold weather. Cold is just as, if not more, deadly than heat. Make sure you have extra blankets, coats, sweaters, thermal underwear, and other winter survival items.

22. Rotate your food. You don’t want to know how much food I had to throw away after my first year of prepping. I panicked a bought several things that ended up untouched in the back of the closet. By the time I got them out, they had already passed the expiration date. Don’t make the same mistake I did. Survivalism 101: Store what you eat, eat what you store.

23. Store foods you like. Having a case of Spam in the closet might give you some peace of mind, but when you actually have to eat it you’re going to wish you’d bought something you like. Before you buy food storage over the Internet, request some samples. And before you buy cases of food at Costco, get a single box or can at the grocery store and try it out.

24. Learn more survival skills. For yourself you’ll need skills like building fires, purifying water, dressing wounds, and so forth, but also try to imagine the kinds of skills that might be valuable during a long-term disaster. These are skills you can trade with others. (For example, I’ll fix your car if you help me with my garden.)

25. Go camping with friends/family. Not only is this really fun, but you’ll get a chance to practice some of your survival skills.

26. Get some good multipurpose tools. You can’t have a tool belt, much less a tool box, slowing you down during a disaster, so find a good multipurpose tool you can keep on you at all times. Also look for other types of multipurpose devices such as a flashlight with a built-in radio.

27. Learn how to hunt and fish. Even if you already know how to hunt and fish, make sure you know how to clean and butcher all sorts of animals.

28. Don’t be wasteful. We’re all so spoiled by the fact that we can throw anything in the trash and a truck will come along every week to take it away. Learn to start reusing items such as plastic bottles, glass jars, and newspapers. Here are a few ideas.

29. Learn to cook without power. Many people are so reliant on their microwaves and stoves that they have no idea how to cook a meal without them. Of course, there’s always the grill, but the smell could attract hungry looters, and what if you run out of charcoal or propane? Check out my ultimate guide to cooking without power.

30. Relax! Often when people become aware of just how fragile our civilization is, they tend to panic. Don’t do it. Panic will cause you to make rash decisions or to feel overwhelmed and give up. Will the next major disaster be tomorrow? No, probably not. Will there be a major disaster in your area in the next few years? It’s very possible. The point is, you should have a healthy sense of urgency, but don’t feel like you’re already out of time. Keep living your life and work on your preps a little bit every day. That should be enough.

100 Items That Disappear First in a Disaster

1. Generators
(Good ones cost dearly. Gas storage, risky. Noisy…target of thieves; maintenance, etc.)

2. Water Filters/Purifiers

3. Portable Toilets (Increasing in price every two months.)

4. Seasoned Firewood
(About $100 per cord; wood takes 6 – 12 mos. to become dried, for home uses.)

5. Lamp Oil, Wicks, Lamps
(First choice: Buy CLEAR oil. If scarce, stockpile ANY!)

6. Coleman Fuel
(URGENT $2.69-$3.99/gal. Impossible to stockpile too much.)

7. Guns, Ammunition, Pepper Spray, Knives, Clubs, Bats and Slingshots

8. Hand-Can openers and hand egg beaters, whisks (Life savers!)

9. Honey/Syrups/white, brown sugars

10. Rice – Beans – Wheat
(White rice is now $12.95 – 50# bag. Sam’s Club, stock depleted often.)

11. Vegetable oil (for cooking)
(Without it food burns/must be boiled, etc.)

12. Charcoal and Lighter fluid (Will become scarce suddenly.)

13. Water containers
(Urgent Item to obtain. Any size. Small: HARD CLEAR PLASTIC ONLY)

14. Mini Heater head (Propane) (Without this item, propane won’t heat a room.)

15. Grain Grinder (Non-electric)

16. Propane Cylinders

17. Michael Hyatt’s Y2K Survival Guide
(BEST single y2k handbook for sound advice/tips.)

18. Mantles: Aladdin, Coleman, etc.
(Without this item, longer-term lighting is difficult.)

19. Baby Supplies: Diapers/formula/ointments/aspirin, etc

20. Washboards, Mop Bucket w/wringer (for Laundry)

21. Cook stoves
(Propane, Coleman and Kerosene)

22. Vitamins
(Critical, due 10 Y2K-forced daily canned food diets.)

23. Propane Cylinder Handle-Holder
(Urgent: Small canister use is dangerous without this item.)

24. Feminine Hygiene/Haircare/Skin products

25. Thermal underwear 
(Tops and bottoms)

26. Bow saws, axes and hatchets and Wedges (also, honing oil)

27. Aluminum foil Reg. and Heavy. Duty 
(Great Cooking and Barter item)

28. Gasoline containers 
(Plastic or Metal)

29. Garbage bags 
(Impossible to have too many.)

30. Toilet Paper, Kleenex, paper towel

31. Milk – Powdered and Condensed 
(Shake liquid every 3 to 4 months.)

32. Garden seeds (Non-hybrid) (A MUST)

33. Clothes pins/line/hangers (A MUST)

34. Coleman’s Pump Repair Kit: 1(800) 835-3278

35. Tuna Fish (in oil)

36. Fire extinguishers 
(or.. large box of Baking soda in every room…)

37. First aid kits

38. Batteries (all sizes…buy furthest-out for Expiration Dates)

39. Garlic, spices and vinegar, baking supplies

40. BIG DOGS (and plenty of dog food)

41. Flour, yeast and salt

42. Matches 
(“Strike Anywhere” preferred. Boxed, wooden matches will go first.)

43. Writing paper/pads/pencils/solar calculators

44. Insulated ice chests 
(good for keeping items from freezing in Wintertime)

45. Work boots, belts, Levis and durable shirts

46. Flashlights/Light Sticks and torches, “No.76 Dietz” Lanterns

47. Journals, Diaries and Scrapbooks 
(Jot down ideas, feelings, experiences: Historic times!)

48. Garbage cans Plastic 
(great for storage, water, transporting – if with wheels)

49. Men’s Hygiene: Shampoo, Toothbrush/paste, Mouthwash/floss, nail clippers, etc

50. Cast iron cookware (sturdy, efficient)

51. Fishing supplies/tools

52. Mosquito coils/repellent sprays/creams

53. Duct tape

54. Tarps/stakes/twine/nails/rope/spikes

55. Candles

56. Laundry detergent (Liquid)

57. Backpacks and Duffle bags

58. Garden tools and supplies

59. Scissors, fabrics and sewing supplies

60. Canned Fruits, Veggies, Soups, stews, etc.

61. Bleach 
(plain, NOT scented: 4 to 6% sodium hypochlorite)

62. Canning supplies (Jars/lids/wax)

63. Knives and Sharpening tools: files, stones, steel

64. Bicycles…Tires/tubes/pumps/chains, etc.

65. Sleeping bags and blankets/pillows/mats

66. Carbon Monoxide Alarm (battery powered)

67. Board Games Cards, Dice

68. d-Con Rat poison, MOUSE PRUFE II, Roach Killer

69. Mousetraps, Ant traps and cockroach magnets

70. Paper plates/cups/utensils (stock up, folks…)

71. Baby Wipes, oils, waterless and Anti-bacterial soap 
(saves a lot of water)

72. Rain gear, rubberized boots, etc.

73. Shaving supplies 
(razors and creams, talc, after shave)

74. Hand pumps and siphons 
(for water and for fuels)

75. Soy sauce, vinegar, bouillons/gravy/soup base

76. Reading glasses

77. Chocolate/Cocoa/Tang/Punch (water enhancers)

78. “Survival-in-a-Can”

79. Woolen clothing, scarves/ear-muffs/mittens

80. BSA – New 1998 – Boy Scout Handbook 
(also, Leader’s Catalog)

81. Roll-on Window Insulation Kit (MANCO)

82. Graham crackers, saltines, pretzels, Trail mix/Jerky

83. Popcorn, Peanut Butter, Nuts

84. Socks, Underwear, T-shirts, etc. (extras)

85. Lumber (all types)

86. Wagons and carts 
(for transport to and from open Flea markets)

87. Cots and Inflatable Mattresses (for extra guests)

88. Gloves: Work/warming/gardening, etc.

89. Lantern Hangers

90. Screen Patches, glue, nails, screws, nuts and bolts

91. Teas

92. Coffee

93. Cigarettes

94. Wine/Liquors (for bribes, medicinal, etc.)

95. Paraffin wax

96. Glue, nails, nuts, bolts, screws, etc.

97. Chewing gum/candies

98. Atomizers (for cooling/bathing)

99. Hats and cotton neckerchiefs

100. Goats/chickens